解决MySQL会出现中文乱码问题的方法

码农天地 - 2020-07-06 16:26:48

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1、MySQL会出现中文乱码的原因
当我们在使用MySQL数据库的时候，经常会碰到乱码的问题，看下面的代码。

mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然'); ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE5\xAE\x8B\xE8\x94\x9A...' for column 'name' at row 1 mysql>

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很显然，当插入中文的时候报错，原因在哪呢？

mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+

character_set_client 客户端使用的字符编码
character_set_connection 数据库链接使用的编码
character_set_database 数据库使用的字符编码
原来是字符编码与服务端、数据库的编码不统一而造成的。

2、MySQL会出现中文乱码的解决方法
方法一：设置names

mysql> set names latin1; mysql> set names latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------+-----------+ | id | name | +------+-----------+ | 1 | 宋蔚然 | +------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+

字符编码统一就不会出现乱码。
解决乱码问题其实就是将客户端的字符编码与服务端、数据库的编码统一。这里的服务端与数据库编码都是latin1，所有set names latin1即可临时解决乱码问题。

方法二：修改数据库配置文件字符集为UTF8
UTF8支持很多语言体系，因此在生产中强烈建议将字符编码设置UTF8。打开数据库的配置文件，分别在[client]，[mysql]，[mysqld]下添加如下内容。

#vi /mysql/data/3306/my.cnf [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] default-storage-engine=INNODB character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci

重启数据库

[root@test ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

重写创建库和表

mysql> create database test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------+-----------+ | id | name | +------+-----------+ | 1 | 宋蔚然 | +------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+

1、MySQL会出现中文乱码的原因
当我们在使用MySQL数据库的时候，经常会碰到乱码的问题，看下面的代码。

mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10));Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然'); ERROR 1366 (HY000): Incorrect string value: '\xE5\xAE\x8B\xE8\x94\x9A...' for column 'name' at row 1 mysql>

很显然，当插入中文的时候报错，原因在哪呢？

mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+

character_set_client 客户端使用的字符编码
character_set_connection 数据库链接使用的编码
character_set_database 数据库使用的字符编码
原来是字符编码与服务端、数据库的编码不统一而造成的。

2、MySQL会出现中文乱码的解决方法
方法一：设置names

mysql> set names latin1; mysql> set names latin1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------+-----------+ | id | name | +------+-----------+ | 1 | 宋蔚然 | +------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | latin1 | | character_set_connection | latin1 | | character_set_database | latin1 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | latin1 | | character_set_server | latin1 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+

字符编码统一就不会出现乱码。
解决乱码问题其实就是将客户端的字符编码与服务端、数据库的编码统一。这里的服务端与数据库编码都是latin1，所有set names latin1即可临时解决乱码问题。

方法二：修改数据库配置文件字符集为UTF8
UTF8支持很多语言体系，因此在生产中强烈建议将字符编码设置UTF8。打开数据库的配置文件，分别在[client]，[mysql]，[mysqld]下添加如下内容。

#vi /mysql/data/3306/my.cnf [client] default-character-set=utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] default-storage-engine=INNODB character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_general_ci

重启数据库

[root@test ~]# systemctl restart mysqld

重写创建库和表

mysql> create database test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use test; Database changed mysql> create table test(id int,name varchar(10)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> insert into test values(1,'宋蔚然'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from test; +------+-----------+ | id | name | +------+-----------+ | 1 | 宋蔚然 | +------+-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

再来看一下字符集的设置

mysql> show variables like '%CHARACTER%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+

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